猎奇社区's Archiver

柠柠 发表于 2007-5-19 22:24

【音乐常识】欣赏音乐的基本知识

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一首普通音乐的结构通常包括了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Intro</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Verse</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Chorus</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">InstrumentSolo</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ending</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">几个部分,而组成各部分的元素可分为<font color="#66cc00">主旋律</font>(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Melody</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)、<font color="#66cc00">节奏</font>(拍</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Rhythm</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)、<font color="#66cc00">速度</font>(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Tempo</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,如快板、中板、慢板)、以及衬托主旋律的<font color="#66cc00">第二旋律</font>等等音乐元素。但未必每首音乐都齐备上述种种元素。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /><br /></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">通常,一首音乐最引人注意的部分是主旋律。一首音乐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">开始的时候多数有一段前奏(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Introduction</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。前奏就是将聆听者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">由静止的或某一聆听心情</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的乐段,它能帮助聆听者进入音乐的内容。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">前奏过后,跟着来的有音乐的主歌(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Verse</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)、副歌(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Chorus</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">),音乐过门</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">及结尾(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">IntrumentalandEnding</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)。主歌可以说是内容,是每首音乐的主干。一般的歌曲</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">大多作</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">AA'BA'Form</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">A</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">代表主歌,而</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">B</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">段是副歌。亦即是说,通常一首歌的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">构造就是由前奏,两段主歌,一段副歌,过门音乐,再来一次的副歌和主歌,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以及结尾音乐顺序地连接而成的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在整首歌终结之前,大多有一段作完结的纯音乐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ending</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)。比如将歌的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最后一句重复一次,或重复多次并且渐渐降低声量至完全没有声音(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">FadeOut</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而作完结,就是一些经常听见的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Ending</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">表现方式。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">音乐是生命的历练</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,我们应以尽可能客观的目光去触摸音乐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br /></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font color="#ff0000"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">(一)音乐形式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt"><p /></span></font></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US"> R&B</span>?</font><span lang="EN-US"><br />R&B</span>的全名是<span lang="EN-US"> Rhythm & Blues</span>,一般译作<span lang="EN-US">“</span>节奏怨曲<span lang="EN-US">”</span>或<span lang="EN-US">“</span>节奏布鲁斯<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。 广义上,<span lang="EN-US"> R&B</span>可视为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>黑人的流行音乐<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,它源於黑人的<span lang="EN-US"> Blues</span>音乐,是现今西行流行乐和摇滚乐的基础。所有黑人音乐除了<span lang="EN-US"> Jazz</span>和<span lang="EN-US"> Blues</span>之外,都可列作<span lang="EN-US"> R&B</span>。近年黑人音乐圈大为盛行的<span lang="EN-US"> Hip Hop</span>和<span lang="EN-US"> Rap</span>都源於<span lang="EN-US"> R&B</span>,并且同时保存着不少<span lang="EN-US"> R&B</span>成分。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US">HOUSE</span>?<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">HOUSE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">是於八十年代沿自<span lang="EN-US"> DISCO</span>发展出来的跳舞音乐。 这是芝加哥的<span lang="EN-US">DJ</span>玩出的音乐, 他们将德国电子乐团<span lang="EN-US">Kraftwerk</span>的一张唱片和电子鼓<span lang="EN-US">(Drum Machine)</span>规律的节奏及黑人蓝调歌声混音在一<span lang="EN-US">,House</span>就产生啦<span lang="EN-US">~ </span>一般翻译为<span lang="EN-US">"</span>浩室<span lang="EN-US">"</span>舞曲<span lang="EN-US">,</span>为电子舞曲最基本的型式<span lang="EN-US">,4/4</span>拍的节奏<span lang="EN-US">, </span>一拍一个鼓声<span lang="EN-US">,</span>配上简单的旋律<span lang="EN-US">,</span>常有高亢的女声歌唱。只要你有简单的录音设备<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在家里都做得出这种音乐。<span lang="EN-US">House</span>也是电子乐中最容易被大家所接受的<span lang="EN-US">&#46; <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US">Britpop</span>?</font><span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">Britpop</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">虽有个<span lang="EN-US">“ Pop"</span>字,但其实是<span lang="EN-US"> Rock</span>的一种,源於九十年代英伦,中文可译为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>英式摇滚<span lang="EN-US">”</span>,这是英伦乐坛对美国<span lang="EN-US"> Grunge</span>潮的一个回应,主要是以乐队形式出现。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US"> Trip-Hop</span>?</font><span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">Trip-Hop</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">是英伦<span lang="EN-US">/</span>欧洲跳舞音乐的一种,它的名字来源是<span lang="EN-US">“ Trip</span>+<span lang="EN-US"> Hip-Hop</span>=<span lang="EN-US"> Trip-Hop”</span>,因为它发源自英国的<span lang="EN-US">Bristol</span>,因此最早时称作<span lang="EN-US">“Bristol Hip-Hop”</span>。<span lang="EN-US"> Trip-Hop</span>是种慢板的迷幻的、有<span lang="EN-US"> Jazz</span>感觉的、带点<span lang="EN-US"> Hip-Hop</span>节奏的 <span lang="EN-US">Break beat</span>音乐。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US"> ORCHESTRA </span>?<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">ORCHESTRA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">就是管弦乐团,它分成四部分:<span lang="EN-US"> 1</span>弦乐,包括小提琴、大提琴等,<span lang="EN-US"> 2</span>铜管乐<span lang="EN-US"> 3</span>木管乐和<span lang="EN-US"> 4</span>敲击乐四组。弦乐组每种乐器有多人演奏(竖琴除外),四组演奏者由一人统筹兼领导,他就是乐团的指挥。<span lang="EN-US">ORCHESTRA</span>於<span lang="EN-US">17</span>世纪出现,到<span lang="EN-US">18</span>世纪因海顿和莫扎特的作品而清楚地建立模式。<span lang="EN-US">19</span>世纪加入了些新乐器,乐团人数加大。<span lang="EN-US"> ORCHESTRA</span>是西方古典<span lang="EN-US">/</span>正统音乐的正宗。西方流行<span lang="EN-US">/</span>摇滚乐也经常运用<span lang="EN-US"> ORCHESTRA</span>的部分或全部团员协助演出。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是民歌(<span lang="EN-US">FOLK</span>)?<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">民歌(<span lang="EN-US">FOLK</span>) 原本是指每个民族的传统歌曲,每个民族的先民都有他们自原始<span lang="EN-US">/</span>古代已有的歌曲,这些歌绝大部分都不知道谁是作者,而以口头传播,一传十十传百,一代传一代的传下去至今。不过今天我们所说的民歌(<span lang="EN-US">FOLK</span>),大都是指流行曲年代的民歌(<span lang="EN-US">FOLK</span>),所指的是主要以木结他为伴奏乐器,以自然坦率方式歌唱,唱出大家纯朴生活感受的那种歌曲。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US"> BOSSA NOVA </span>?</font><span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">BOSSA NOVA</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">是种带<span lang="EN-US"> JAZZ</span>味道的巴西音乐,<span lang="EN-US"> 1950</span>年代作曲家<span lang="EN-US"> ANTONIO CARLOS JOBIM</span>将巴西音乐节奏与美国西岸<span lang="EN-US"> COOL JAZZ</span>混合而成,柔和、舒服、轻松、懒洋洋、浪漫乃特色。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US"> NEW AGE</span>?</font><span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">NEW AGE</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">是种宁静、安逸、闲息的音乐,纯音乐作品占的比重较多,有歌唱的占较少。<span lang="EN-US"> NEW AGE</span>可以是纯<span lang="EN-US"> ACOUSTIC</span>(即以传统自发声乐器演奏)的,也可以是很电子化的,重点是营造出大自然平静的气氛或宇宙浩瀚的感觉,洗涤听者的心灵,令人心平气和。<span lang="EN-US"> NEW AGE</span>很多时与音乐治疗有关,不少<span lang="EN-US">NEW AGE</span>音乐说可以治病,也有不少与打坐冥想有关,这与<span lang="EN-US"> NEW AGE</span>思潮哲学有莫大关系。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US">Electrophonic Music</span>?<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">所谓电子音乐,就是以电子合成器,音乐软体,电脑等所产生的电子声响来制作音乐。电子音乐范围广泛,生活中常常能听到,在电影配乐,广告配乐,甚至某些国语流行歌中都有用到,不过以电子舞曲为最。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US">Electro</span>?<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">Electro</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">可说是纯粹以电子合成器(<span lang="EN-US">Synthesizer</span>,长得有点像<span lang="EN-US">Keyboard</span>)来发声的音乐,通常蛮轻柔的,且常使用<span lang="EN-US">Roland</span>公司的鼓机(<span lang="EN-US">Drum Machine</span>)<span lang="EN-US">TR-808</span>来发鼓声。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">什么是<span lang="EN-US">Dub</span>?<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">Dub</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">可说是将歌声抽离只剩下音乐的<span lang="EN-US">Reggae</span>(瑞格,也有称之为雷鬼,一种很有节拍性,唱腔特别的南美黑人音乐)。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><font color="#0000ff"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">Punk </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">朋克</font><span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">歌词中传达某些叛逆思想及对生活环境、文化、社会、政治等的不满情绪,而音乐缺乏协调性无特定风格,是一种相当嘈杂的音乐,通常一群能将乐器弄出声音来的人就可以组一个朋克乐队。<span lang="EN-US"> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><br style="mso-special-character: line-break" /><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font color="#ff0000"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">(二)</span></font><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#ff0000">音乐格式:<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><br /></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">经典的</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff">WAVE</font> <br />WAVE</span>文件作为最经典的<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>多媒体音频格式,应用非常广泛,它使用三个参数来表示声音:采样位数、采样频率和声道数。有单声道和立体声之分。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">传统的</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff">MOD</font> <br />MOD</span>是一种类似波表的音乐格式,但它的结构却类似<span lang="EN-US"> MIDI</span>,使用真实采样,体积很小,在以前的<span lang="EN-US">DOS</span>年代,<span lang="EN-US">MOD</span>经常被作为游戏的背景音乐。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">电脑音乐</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff">MIDI</font> <br />MIDI</span>是<span lang="EN-US">Musical Instrument Data Interface</span>的简称,它采用数字方式对乐器所奏出来的声音进行记录,播放时再对这些记录通过<span lang="EN-US">FM</span>或波表合成取出产生声音。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">MP3 <br /></font>MP3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">采用<span lang="EN-US">MPEG Audio Layer 3 </span>技术,以数字方式储存的音乐,如果要播放,就必须有相应的数字解码播放系统,一般通过专门的软件进行<span lang="EN-US">MP3</span>数字音乐的解码,再还原成波形声音信号播放输出,这种软件就称为<span lang="EN-US">MP3</span>播放器,如<span lang="EN-US">Winamp</span>等。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">RA</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">系列</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff"> <br /></font>RA</span>、<span lang="EN-US">RAM</span>和<span lang="EN-US">RM</span>都是<span lang="EN-US">Real</span>公司成熟的网络音频格式,采用了<span lang="EN-US">“</span>音频流<span lang="EN-US">”</span>技术,所以非常适合网络广播。在制作时可以加入版权、演唱者、制作者、<span lang="EN-US">Mail </span>和歌曲的<span lang="EN-US">Title</span>等信息。<span lang="EN-US"> RA</span>可以称为互联网上多媒体传播的霸主,适合于网络上进行实时播放,是目前在线收听网络音乐最好的一种格式。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">高压缩比的</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff">VQF</font> <br />VQF</span>即<span lang="EN-US">TwinVQ</span>,是由<span lang="EN-US">Nippon Telegraph and Telephone</span>同<span lang="EN-US">YAMAHA</span>公司开发的一种音频压缩技术。 压缩率比标准的<span lang="EN-US">MPEG</span>音频压缩率高出近一倍。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">音乐</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff">CD</font> <br /></span>即<span lang="EN-US">CD</span>唱片,一张<span lang="EN-US">CD</span>可以播放<span lang="EN-US">74</span>分钟左右的声音文件,<span lang="EN-US">Windows</span>系统中自带了一个<span lang="EN-US">CD</span>播放机,另外多数声卡所附带的软件都提供了<span lang="EN-US">CD</span>播放功能,甚至有一些光驱脱离电脑,只要接通电源就可以作为一个独立的<span lang="EN-US">CD</span>播放机使用。<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#0000ff">潜力无限的</font><span lang="EN-US"><font color="#0000ff">WMA <br /></font></span>微软在开发自己的网络多媒体服务平台上主推<span lang="EN-US">ASF(Audio Steaming format)</span>,这是一个开放支持在各种各样的网络和协议上的数据传输的标准。它支持音频、视频以及其他一系列的多媒体类型。而<span lang="EN-US">WMA</span>是<span lang="EN-US">Windows Media Audio</span>的缩写,相当于只包含音频的<span lang="EN-US">ASF</span>文件。<span lang="EN-US"> <br /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font color="#ff0000">(三)</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font color="#ff0000">常用音乐术语:</font><span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">套曲<span lang="EN-US">Cycle <br /></span>一种由多乐章组合而成的大型器乐曲或声乐器<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>组曲<span lang="EN-US">Suite <br /></span>由几个具有相对独立性的器乐曲组成的乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20&#46;95pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 11&#46;5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">奏鸣曲<span lang="EN-US">Sonata <br /></span>指类似组曲的器乐合奏套曲<span lang="EN-US">&#46;</span>自海顿<span lang="EN-US">&#46;</span>莫扎特以后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其指由<span lang="EN-US">3-4</span>个乐章组成的器乐独奏套曲<span lang="EN-US">(</span>钢琴奏鸣曲<span lang="EN-US">)</span>或独奏乐器与钢琴合奏的器乐曲<span lang="EN-US">(</span>小提琴奏鸣曲<span lang="EN-US">) <br /></span>交响曲<span lang="EN-US">symphony <br /></span>大型管弦乐套曲<span lang="EN-US">,</span>通常含四个乐章<span lang="EN-US">&#46;</span>其乐章结构与独奏的奏鸣曲相同<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>协奏曲<span lang="EN-US">concerto <br /></span>由一件或多件独奏乐器与管弦乐团相互竞奏<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并显示其个性及技巧的大型器乐套曲<span lang="EN-US">&#46;</span>分独奏协奏曲、大协奏曲、小协奏曲等<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>交响诗<span lang="EN-US">symphonic poem <br /></span>序曲<span lang="EN-US">overture <br /></span>歌剧、清唱剧、舞剧、其他戏剧作品和声乐、器乐套曲的开始曲。十九世纪又出现独立的音乐会序曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>前奏曲<span lang="EN-US">prelude <br /></span>带有即兴曲的性质、有独立的乐思、常放在具有严谨结构的乐曲或套曲之前作为序引的中、小型器乐曲。<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>幻想曲<span lang="EN-US">fantasia <br /></span>形式自由,给人以即兴创作或自由幻想之感的器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>随想曲<span lang="EN-US">capriccio <br /></span>形式自由的赋格式的幻想曲,<span lang="EN-US">19</span>世纪后是一种富于幻想的即兴性器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>狂想曲<span lang="EN-US">rhapsody <br /></span>始于<span lang="EN-US">19</span>世纪初以民族或民间曲调为主要素材的具有鲜明民族特色的器乐幻想曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>练习曲<span lang="EN-US">study <br /></span>为提高乐器演奏者技术水平而写的乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>无词歌<span lang="EN-US">songs wighout <br /></span>抒情的小型器乐曲,有伴奏声部,旋律声部象歌曲样的钢琴曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>浪漫曲<span lang="EN-US">Romance <br /></span>罗曼司,主要指具有抒情性的声乐曲和富有歌唱性的器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>叙事曲<span lang="EN-US">ballade <br /></span>富于叙事性、戏剧性的钢琴独奏曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>夜曲<span lang="EN-US">nocturne <br /></span>流行于<span lang="EN-US">18</span>世纪西洋贵族社会中的器乐套曲,常在夜间露天演奏<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>小夜曲<span lang="EN-US">serenade <br /></span>晨歌的对称。起源于中世纪欧洲吟唱诗人在恋人窗前所唱的情歌<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>谐谑曲<span lang="EN-US">scherzo <br /></span>诙谐曲。节奏强烈,速度较快、轻松活泼的三拍子器乐曲或声乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>间奏曲<span lang="EN-US">intermezzo <br /></span>为歌剧或戏剧中的过场音乐或幕间曲;另一种为形式较自由篇幅较小的器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>赋格曲<span lang="EN-US">fugue <br /></span>拉丁文音译意为遁走。以复调手法写成的大型乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>卡农<span lang="EN-US">canon <br /></span>纯以模仿手法构成的复调音乐形式<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>轮唱曲<span lang="EN-US">round <br /></span>用同度或八度卡农手法写成的声乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>创意曲<span lang="EN-US">invention <br /></span>复调结构的钢琴小曲。类似前奏曲或小赋格曲。巴赫始用此名称<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>练声曲<span lang="EN-US">vocalization <br /></span>没有歌词而用韵母、音节或唱名演唱的声乐练习曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>回旋曲<span lang="EN-US">rondo <br /></span>由相同的主部和几个不同的插部交替出现而构成的乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>变奏曲<span lang="EN-US">variation <br /></span>主题及其一系列变化反复,并按照统一的艺术构思而组成的乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>进行曲<span lang="EN-US">march <br /></span>用步伐节奏写成的乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>特性曲<span lang="EN-US">character piece <br /></span>指富于诗情画意和生活情趣的器乐小曲,主要是钢琴小曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>晨歌<span lang="EN-US">alborada <br /></span>起源于西班牙西北部的加利西亚的田园风味乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>田园曲<span lang="EN-US">pastorable <br /></span>原为欧洲<span lang="EN-US">16-17</span>世纪一种乡村题材的戏剧表演,歌剧的前身之一。近代音乐中是模仿牧人所吹肖姆管曲调和圣诞吹奏乐的器乐曲或声乐曲,源于意大利。<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>船歌<span lang="EN-US">barcarolle <br /></span>威尼斯船工所唱的歌曲以及模仿这种歌曲的声乐曲和器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>悲歌<span lang="EN-US">elegy <br /></span>表现哀伤情绪的声乐曲或器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>摇篮曲<span lang="EN-US">berceuse <br /></span>抒情声乐曲或器乐曲。描写摇篮摆动的节奏,近似船歌。<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>嬉游曲<span lang="EN-US">divertimento <br />18</span>世纪欢娱宾客的一种器乐重奏组曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>即兴曲<span lang="EN-US">impromptu <br /></span>偶发创作的抒情特性曲,<span lang="EN-US">19</span>世纪成为器乐短曲曲名,形式类似歌曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>无穷动<span lang="EN-US">perpetuum mobile <br /></span>从头至尾贯穿着急速节奏的乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>小品<span lang="EN-US">bagatelle <br /></span>轻快,幽默的特性曲,常为钢琴小曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>幽默曲<span lang="EN-US">humoreske <br /></span>富于幽默风趣或表现恬淡朴素、明朗愉快情致的器乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>新事曲<span lang="EN-US">novellette <br /></span>始创于<span lang="EN-US">R&#46;</span>舒曼的一种钢琴特性曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>演绎曲<span lang="EN-US">paraphrase <br />14--16</span>世纪教会音乐中的演绎曲是自由加工的素歌旋律。<span lang="EN-US">F&#46;</span>李斯特借用此名称称其为著名声乐曲和器乐曲,特别是为歌剧选曲所作的钢琴改编曲为演绎曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>舞曲<span lang="EN-US">dance music <br /></span>根据舞蹈节奏写成的器乐曲或声乐曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>小步舞曲<span lang="EN-US">menuet <br /></span>起源于法国民间的三拍子舞曲,因舞步极小而得名<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>加沃特<span lang="EN-US">gavotte <br /></span>起源于法国民间的中速、四拍子舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>塔兰泰拉<span lang="EN-US">tarantella <br /></span>起源于意大利的速度迅急、情绪热烈的舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>波尔卡<span lang="EN-US">polka <br /></span>起源于捷克的速度较快的二拍子舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>华尔兹<span lang="EN-US">waltz <br /></span>圆舞曲。一种起源于奥地利民间的三拍子舞曲。<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>马祖卡<span lang="EN-US">mazurka <br /></span>起源于波兰民间的情绪活泼热烈的三拍子双人舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>波罗乃兹<span lang="EN-US">polonaise <br /></span>波兰舞曲。起源于波兰民间的庄重,缓慢的三拍子舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>哈巴涅拉<span lang="EN-US">habanera <br /></span>阿伐奈拉。由非洲黑人传入古巴的中速二拍子舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>探戈<span lang="EN-US">tango <br /></span>起源非洲后传入阿根廷的中速、二拍子或四拍子的舞曲<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>独唱<span lang="EN-US">solo <br /></span>由一人演唱,常用乐器或乐队伴奏的演唱形式,有时也用人声伴唱<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>齐唱<span lang="EN-US">unison <br /></span>两人以上的歌唱者,按同度或八度音程关系同时演唱同一旋律的演唱形式<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>重唱<span lang="EN-US">ensemble <br /></span>每个声部均由一人演唱的多声部声乐曲及演唱形式。按声部或人数分二重唱、三重唱、四重唱<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>领唱<span lang="EN-US">lead a chorus <br /></span>由一人唱众人和的演唱形式<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>合唱<span lang="EN-US">chorus <br /></span>两组以上的演唱者,各按本组所担任的声部演唱同一乐曲的演唱形式<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>无伴奏合唱<span lang="EN-US">a cappella <br /></span>纯粹由人声演唱不用乐器伴奏的合唱形式<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>合奏<span lang="EN-US">ensemble <br /></span>由多种乐器组成,常按乐器种类的不同而分为若干组,各组分别担任某些声部,演奏同一乐曲的演奏形式<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>伴奏<span lang="EN-US">accompaniment <br /></span>由一件或多件乐器奏出,用以衬托主要的歌唱或器乐演奏部分。用以烘托舞蹈的器乐配乐也常称为伴奏<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>独奏<span lang="EN-US">solo <br /></span>由一人演奏某一乐器,常用其他乐器或乐队伴奏<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>齐奏<span lang="EN-US">unison <br /></span>两个以上的演奏者,按同度或八度音程关系同时演奏同一曲调<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>室内乐<span lang="EN-US">chamber music <br /></span>通常指由少数人演奏,演唱的重奏曲、重唱曲。<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>二重奏<span lang="EN-US">Duet <br /></span>由两件乐器分奏两个声部的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>三重奏<span lang="EN-US">Trio <br /></span>由三件乐器分奏三个声部的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>弦乐三重奏<span lang="EN-US">string trio <br /></span>由小提琴、中提琴、大提琴分奏三个声部的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>钢琴三重奏<span lang="EN-US">piano trio <br /></span>由钢琴与另两件乐器(弦乐器或管乐器)演奏的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>四重奏<span lang="EN-US">quartet <br /></span>由四件乐器分奏四个声部的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>弦乐四重奏<span lang="EN-US">string quartet <br /></span>由两个小提琴,一个中提琴、一个大提琴演奏的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <br /></span>钢琴四重奏<span lang="EN-US">piano quartet <br /></span>由小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、钢琴演奏的室内乐<span lang="EN-US"> <p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"></font></p></span></p>

精灵王 发表于 2007-5-20 00:41

真难啊 [s:16]

忘川无泪 发表于 2007-5-20 06:04

不是专业人士 猛一看 还真有点晕.... 呵呵

一剑倾城 发表于 2007-5-20 21:22

扫盲图腾啊!!!

收藏了!

光光 发表于 2007-6-20 14:25

准备考音乐学院的朋友注意了,看完此帖乐理填空题基本没啥问题.

绿光 发表于 2007-8-16 22:25

...只有音乐格式那能看懂....其他的就是广东人说的母鸡呀 [s:34]

亭候虎驾 发表于 2008-1-3 01:45

b08bei 晕了.

联想集团 发表于 2008-4-19 21:02

哈哈~~我都不知道~~

温柔一刀 发表于 2008-8-13 04:27

下来慢慢学,长知识了,多谢!

新建文本文档 发表于 2008-9-12 08:13

看了楼主的帖子我可以告别文盲了吧

我爱热舞 发表于 2009-2-18 22:27

好贴,受益匪浅!

张三疯啊 发表于 2009-2-24 13:32

让我做版主怎么样?m27og    我从事音乐制作行业!开有录音棚!!

乐器都是会吉他,键盘,小军鼓,木琴!贝司

周超前 发表于 2009-2-25 14:05

哈哈~~我都不知道~m33og m33og

真龙香烟 发表于 2009-3-1 03:12

嗯 对我欣赏歌有很大的帮助啊

绽蓝 发表于 2009-3-27 22:25

很有用,长知识了.

吉村里春袋 发表于 2009-4-30 01:02

原来有这么多讲究的

页: [1] 2 3 4

Powered by Discuz! Archiver 7.2  © 2001-2009 Comsenz Inc.